abstract art

    :抽象派藝術

    ●A nonrepresentational style that emphasizes formal values over the representation of subject matter.

    強調形式至上，忽視內容的一種非寫實主義繪畫風格。

    ★Kandinsky produced abstract art characterized by imagery that had a musicical quality.

    康定斯基創作的抽象派作品有一種音樂美。

    abstract expressionism:抽象表現派，抽象表現主義

    ●A nonrepresentational style that emphasizes emotion,strong color,and giving primacy to the art of painting.

    把繪畫本身作為目的，以表達情感和濃抹重涂為特點的非寫實主義風格。

    ★Abstract expressionism was at its peak in the 1940s and 1950s.

    20世紀四五十年代是抽象表現主義藝術發展的頂峰時期。

    action painting:動作畫派

    ●A term used to describe aggressive methods of applying paint.

    指使畫布產生強烈動作效果的繪畫風格。

    ★Action painting often looks childish to the non-artist because of the techniques used to be apply paint,such as throwing it on the canvas.

    在外行看來，動作畫派的作品通常是幼稚的，這主要是因為畫家采用的作畫方法，比如將顏料潑灑在畫布上。

    acrylic:丙烯酸樹脂漆

    ●A fast-drying sysnthetic pigment. 一種易干的合成顏料。

    ★Many artists like to use acrylic paint for technical illustrations because of its fast-drying nature.

    因為丙烯酸樹脂漆的易干性，很多藝術家喜歡用它制作工藝圖案。

    Avant-garde:先鋒派

    ●Innovative art in advance of popular ideas and images,characterized by unorthodox and experimental methods.

    不拘于現有的創作定式，勇于創作超前思維的藝術形式。

    ★The avant-garde home of the famous actress sold for millions.

    那個名演員的先鋒派住宅賣出了幾百萬美元的好價錢。

    Baroque:巴洛克風格

    ●An emotional,dramatic style of the 16th-18th century,anticlassical in form and spirit.

    流行于16至18世紀，以情感強烈，鋪張浮華為特點的反古典主義的藝術風格。

    ★Statues and architecture from the Baroque hane a dark,muscular,looming quality about them.

    巴洛克風格的雕塑和建筑雄偉、高大、格調陰暗。

    Bauhaus:包豪斯建筑風格

    ●A design school that promoted functional and geometic elements in design.

    指包豪斯造型學院倡導的強調實用和幾何學要素的建筑風格。

    ★The Bauhaus school of design in Germany changed the way that the world thought about design.

    德國包豪斯造型學院倡導的藝術改變了世人的既定設計思維模式。

    Byzantine:拜占庭藝術風格的

    ●A term used to describe a style of art with strong religious content.

    藝術風格突出強烈宗教色彩的。

    ★The Byzantine era extended from the 13th century and went into the 16th century and was characterized by art with religious influence.

    拜占庭藝術始于13世紀，一直延續到16世紀，其主要特點是濃郁的宗教氣息。

    calligraphy:書法藝術

    ●Handwrititing or penmanship,esp.elegant or "beautiful" writing as a decorative art.

    書寫的藝術，特別是優雅漂亮可做裝飾的筆跡。

    ★Calligraphy has practically become a lost art in today‘s computer society.

    在今天的電腦時代，書法藝術差不多要消亡了。

    collage:拼貼藝術

    ●A composition of fond objects,newspaper,and cloth over other material on a single surface.

    把揀來的報紙、碎布等在畫面上粘貼成畫。

    ★We used to made computer collages when I was in college by first pasting various items together and then using a video camera to transmit the image onto a computer screen.

    我們在大學時代曾經用電腦做拼貼畫。其步驟是，首先，將各種材料粘在一起，然后用攝象機將圖象傳送到電腦上。

    Dada:達達主義

    ●A style (1915--1925) with antirational approach and nihilistic,absurdist,and incongrous thems.

    流行于1915--1925間的藝術流派。其特點是反理性的創作手段和虛無、荒誕、矛盾的主題。

    ★Dadasim asked "what is art?" and used humor and shock value as communicative elements. 　

    達達主義設問“什么是藝術？”并用幽默和讓人震驚的色彩和手法作答。 #p#分頁標題#e#

    drawing:素描

    ●A picture,design,or sketch done with lines in pen or pencil.

    用鋼筆或鉛筆勾勒出的圖畫、圖案或寫生畫。

    ★The drawing of Michelangelo were recently exhibited in New York.

    米開朗基羅的素描最近在紐約展出。

    hyperrealism:高度寫實主義

    ●An extension of photorealism in which depiction of a subject is indistinguiahable from reality. 

    20世紀末興起的一種繪畫流派。照相現實主義的延伸。強調對現實的臨摹。 　　

    ★The interesting aspect of hyperrealism is that it challengs the viewer to try to decide what is real and what isn‘t.

    高度寫實主義繪畫很有意思的一點是，觀者很難判斷哪些是真實的，哪些是虛構的。

    impressionism:印象主義，印象派

    ●A style emphasizing the depiction of light and its effects,with the act of seeing as its primary subject.(France 19th century)

    強調繪畫中的光感，以視覺影象作為描繪對象。

    ★Impressionism has long been one of the most popular art movements.Van Gogh‘s impressionistic paingting entitled "Dr. Gachet" was purchased for a world record $85 millon by Japanese investor.

    長期以來，印象主義一直是最具有影響力的藝術運動之一。凡高的印象派作品《蓋什醫生》被一名日本投資商以8500萬美元的天價購得。

    Ming:具有明代藝術特色的

    ●Characteristic of a highly academic classisism,esp. in porcelains.(China,14th--17th centuries)

    高度傳統古典主義傾向的。特別是指與14至17世紀中國明代瓷器有關的藝術。

    ★Dr. Franks is an expert on porcelains form Ming dynasty.
    
    弗蘭克博士是明代瓷器鑒賞專家。

    mosaic:馬賽克；鑲嵌工藝，鑲嵌畫

    ●An illustration composed of small,colored stones or tiles set into cement.

    用五顏六色的小石子或瓦片在水泥板上鑲嵌成的圖案。

    ★The new mall in town features a gaint mosaic over the main entrance way.

    在城里新建的林蔭道的主要入口處有一個巨大的鑲嵌畫。

    new wave:新浪潮

    ●A combination of cartoon,graffiti,and performance art in a minimalist,unsopisticated style.(late 20th century)

    綜合漫畫、涂鴉和表演藝術的藝術形式。其風格簡單自然。

    ★There‘s a new wave art show currently on exhibit up at the local college dallery.

    本地大學美術館里正在舉辦一個新浪潮藝術作品展。

    nude:裸體

    ●The undraped human figure,sometimes allegorical.

    無遮蓋的人體畫像，有時具有諷喻意義。

    ★The nude has always played a powerful role in art throughout the ages.

    在藝術領域，裸體畫一直占有重要的地位。

    op art:光效應藝術，視幻藝術

    ●A style with graphic abstaction and pattern-oriented optical effects.(mid-20th century)

    利用幾何圖形和色彩對比給人以摸棱兩可的視幻覺藝術。起源于20世紀中期。

    ★Riley and Vasarely are two noteable artists who made contributions in the illusory world of op art.

    瑞利和凡撒里這兩位著名的藝術家為夢幻般的光效應藝術作出了貢獻。

    pop art:波普藝術

    ●A style-making use of images from popular culture and commerce,often reproduced exactly.(mid-20th century)

    把精確復制大眾化文化和商業中的形象作為一種藝術創作。起源于20世紀中期。

    ★Roy Litchnstein,who helped start the movement in the 1950s,continues to rule as the king of pop art into the 90s.
　　
    早在50年代，羅耶·列克敦斯坦就參與發起波普藝術運動。直到90年代他依然是波普藝術的頂尖級人物。

    Renaissance:文藝復新時期風格的；文藝復新

    ●Art that is classical in form and content.(n.) revival of aesthetics of classical antiquity.(14th-17th centuries)

    藝術作品的形式和內容具有古典主義色彩的；從14世紀延續到17世紀的經典傳統美學的復新。

    ★Renaissance art is still appreciated by artists or today.

    現在的藝術家仍然對文藝復新時期的藝術珍愛有加。

    ★Much of the greatest art in the history of the world was produced during the Renaissance. 　

    世界藝術史上最偉大的作品很多是在文藝復新時期產生的。

    sculpture:雕刻術；雕塑術#p#分頁標題#e#

    ●The art of carving wood,chiseling stone,casting or welding metal,molding caly or wax,etc. into three-dimensional representations,as statues,figures,forms,etc.

    通過對木頭、石頭進行雕刻，對金屬加以鑄造、焊接，或對泥、蠟加工制成的三維雕塑作品。

    ★Mt. Rushmore which depicts images of 4 U.S. presidents in the Black Hills,South Dakota is one of the most famous sculptures in America.

    在南達科他州布萊克山區的拉莫爾山上刻有四位美國總統的雕像。它們是美國最有名的雕塑之一。 

    surrealism:超現實主義

    ●A style using subconscious mental activity as its subject matter,characterized by dreamlike,halluncinatoyy imagery.

    將下意識的精神活動作為描寫對象，多運用夢幻意象的藝術形式。

    ★The artist Salvador Dali is the synonymous with surrealism.

    藝術家薩多瓦爾·達利是超現實主義的同義詞。

    Symbolism:象征主義

    ●A 19th century French movemennt that rejected realism and expressed subjective images.

    產生于19世紀的法國藝術運動。它擯棄現實主義手法，通過使人產生聯想的意象表達主觀感受。

    ★Great art most always incorporates Symbolism.

    偉大的藝術幾乎總是具有象征意義。

    tempera:蛋彩畫顏料

    ●A pigment mixed with water and a gelatinous material,esp. egg yolk.

    調入水、蛋黃等膠狀物的顏料。

    ★Tempera was used to paint frescos hundreds of years ago.
    
    數百年前蛋彩畫顏料被用來畫壁畫。

    video art:視頻藝術

    ●The use of filmed or videotaped material displayed alone or with other media.(late 20th century)

    通過創造性地利用視頻技術產生可以在電視屏幕上觀看的一種藝術形式。產生于20世紀末。

    ★Video art has become a popular medium in today‘s art,especially in collages.

    今天，視頻藝術已經成為一種非常受歡迎的繪畫形式，特別是在拼貼圖中。

    watercolor:水彩顏料；水彩畫

    ●A paint which is mixed with water and used to create pictures;A picture which has been done with this type of paint.

    一種與水混合用來作畫的顏料；用這種顏料作的畫。

    ★My uncle did a beautiful watercolor of a sunset while in Mexico.

    我的叔叔在墨西哥時畫了一幅漂亮的日落水彩畫。