手機(jī)版
This is the VOA Special English Agriculture Report.
這里是美國之音慢速英語農(nóng)業(yè)報(bào)道。
Not all vegetables need lots of sunshine. Mark Hoffman and his wife, Guia, own a bed-and-breakfast guesthouse in rural Kempton, Illinois. They often serve their guests produce fresh from the garden.
并非所有蔬菜都需要大量日照。馬克•霍夫曼（Mark Hoffman）和他的妻子吉婭（Guia）在伊利諾伊州田園小鎮(zhèn)肯普頓有自己的家庭旅館。他們經(jīng)常以自己園子里的新鮮蔬菜招待客人。
The Hoffmans have been growing food and flowers for twenty-five years. For almost ten of those years, Mr. Hoffman has been experimenting and working with shade plantings. He says visitors to his website -- greenhousebed.com -- often ask how to plant in shade spaces.
霍夫曼夫婦種了25年糧食和鮮花。這其中近10年，霍夫曼先生一直在試驗(yàn)種植喜陰植物。他說，他的網(wǎng)站greenhousebed.com的訪客經(jīng)常詢問如何種植喜陰植物。
MARK HOFFMAN: "The bottom line here is that most plants will produce more in full sun. But if you do not have full sun, there are other options."
霍夫曼：“最重要的一點(diǎn)是，大部分植物在充足日照條件下產(chǎn)量會(huì)更高。但如果不具備充足日照，也還有其他選擇。”
For example, he grows tomatoes near oak trees. Oak trees can produce a lot of shade. But Mr. Hoffman says his tomato plants grow as long as they get five hours a day of direct sunshine, especially morning sun.
例如，他在橡樹附近種植西紅柿。橡樹可以提供大片樹蔭。但霍夫曼表示，他種的西紅柿只要5小時(shí)陽光直射就能生長很好，尤其是早上的陽光直射。
Not only does this go against the traditional advice that tomatoes need six, eight, even twelve hours a day of full sun. It also shows how plants and tree roots can share nutrients and water.
這不僅和傳統(tǒng)意見所說的西紅柿每天需要6小時(shí)、8小時(shí)乃至12小時(shí)充足日照相違背。它還表明，植物和樹根可以共享營養(yǎng)和水分。
Mr. Hoffman also planted asparagus around a tree at its drip line, the area below the outer limit of the branches.
霍夫曼還在大樹滴水線，也就是樹枝覆蓋范圍正下方種植蘆筍。
MARK HOFFMAN: "Now the asparagus is in partial shade. It has been there for six years now and is doing wonderfully. It is right at the drip line of the tree. So when it rains, all the rain drips down right on the asparagus."
霍夫曼：“現(xiàn)在蘆筍就種在部分蔭涼下,它們種下已經(jīng)6年了，一直長勢(shì)很好。它們剛好種在大樹的滴水線下，所以每當(dāng)下雨的時(shí)候，所有雨滴都剛好落在蘆筍上。”
The Hoffmans' website includes a list of vegetables, flowers and herbs that have produced acceptably for them in partial shade. Besides tomatoes and asparagus, these include broccoli, daylilies, horseradish, Irish potatoes, oregano and winter onions.
霍夫曼的網(wǎng)站包括一系列在部分蔭涼下產(chǎn)量也不錯(cuò)的蔬菜、鮮花和藥草。除了西紅柿和蘆筍，還包括西蘭花、黃花菜、山葵、愛爾蘭土豆、牛至和冬蔥。
Mr. Hoffman says plants with wider leaves seem to do better in shady environments. He also found that his potatoes did better in partial shade than in full sun.
霍夫曼表示，寬葉植物在蔭涼環(huán)境下似乎生長得更好。他還發(fā)現(xiàn)土豆在部分蔭涼環(huán)境中比在充足日照環(huán)境中生長得更好。
Moving them out of the sun helped control an insect problem with leaf hoppers. Mr. Hoffman does not use pesticides. Instead, he planted the potatoes at the drip line, especially on the east side of the tree.
將土豆移到蔭涼處種植有助于控制葉蟬蟲害。霍夫曼不使用農(nóng)藥，而是將土豆種在大樹滴水線下，尤其是樹的東側(cè)。
The potatoes get morning sun, but they are shaded during the hottest part of the day. Leaf hoppers dislike shade, and the hottest part of the day is when they do the worst of their damage.
這樣土豆就能受到早晨的陽光照射，但它們?cè)谝惶熘凶顭岬臅r(shí)段又處于大樹蔭涼下。葉蟬不喜歡陰涼，一天中最熱的時(shí)段也是它們?yōu)楹ψ顕?yán)重的時(shí)候。
Time of day. Brightness of the sun. Shadows from trees, walls and buildings. These all influence how much sunlight falls, or does not fall, on plants. And extension agent Curtis Swift at Colorado State University says people interested in shade planting should also remember something else. The term "shade" can describe different amounts of darkness. He says it can even mean different things in different parts of the world.
一天中的時(shí)段，陽光的強(qiáng)度，樹木、墻壁和建筑的陰涼，這些都影響到植物的日照情況。科羅拉多州立大學(xué)推廣員柯蒂斯•斯威夫特（Curtis Swift）表示，對(duì)蔭涼種植有興趣的人們還需要記住其它一些事情。他說，“蔭涼”還分不同程度，它甚至意味著世界上不同的地方各有不同。
