Researchers suggest obesity's effects on cancers vary depending on the type of tumour
研究人員表示肥胖對癌癥的影響因腫瘤的類型而異。

Being overweight and obese puts people at greater risk of developing 10 of the most common cancers, according to research in the Lancet medical journal.
據醫學雜志《柳葉刀》報道，超重或者肥胖使人們患10大常見癌癥的幾率增高。

Scientists calculated individuals carrying this extra weight could contribute to more than 12,000 cases of cancer in the UK population every year.
科學家得出的數據顯示每年英國超過12000例癌癥病例與超重相關。

They warn if obesity levels continue to rise there may be an additional 3,700 cancers diagnosed annually.
他們警告如果肥胖程度繼續增加，每年還會增加3700例癌癥病例。

The study of five million people is the largest to date to confirm the link.
這項研究覆蓋了500萬人，是迄今為止確認這種相關性的最大數據。

Large numbers
大數據

Doctors often warn being overweight can increase the risk of developing cancer, but this study highlights those forms of the disease where the risk is greatest.
醫生常常警告病人超重可能會增加患癌風險，而這項研究強調了患哪些癌癥的風險最高。

Led by scientists from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine researchers gathered data on five million people living in the UK, monitoring changes to their health over a period of seven years.
在倫敦衛生和熱帶醫學研究學院的科學家領導下，該研究收集了居住在英國的500萬人的數據，檢測7年來他們的健康變化。

They found each 13-16kg of extra weight an average adult gained was linked firmly and linearly to a greater risk of six cancers.
How big this risk was varied depending on tumour type.
他們發現成年人平均體重每增長13-16千克，患六種癌癥的風險就會穩定直線上升。
而風險的大小則根據腫瘤的類型而異。
• Cancer of the uterus had the highest increased risk
• gallbladder
• kidney
• cervix
• thyroid
• leukaemia had the lowest rise in risk.
• 子宮癌的風險增長最高
• 膽囊癌
• 腎癌
• 子宮頸癌
• 甲狀腺癌
• 白血病的增長幾率最低

People who had a high body mass index (calculated using weight and height) were also more likely to develop cancer of the liver, colon, ovaries, and post-menopausal breast cancer.
體質指數（由體重和身高計算）高的人，患肝癌、結腸癌、卵巢癌、絕經后患乳癌的可能性更高。

But the effects for these cancers were less clear-cut and were influenced by individual factors such as the menopause.
但是對這些癌癥的影響并不是很明確，也受到個別因素的影響，比如絕經。

Researchers say though obesity was associated with the development of the most common cancers – which represent 90% of the cancers diagnosed in the UK, some showed no link at all.
研究人員說肥胖和最常見的癌癥之間有聯系，占英國確診數量的90%，但是與有一些癌癥卻毫無關系。

And there is some evidence to suggest a higher BMI is associated with a lower chance of getting prostate cancer.
還有證據表明體質指數高，患前列腺癌的可能性較小。

Modest risks
適度風險

Dr Krishnan Bhaskaran, who led the research, said: "There was a lot of variation in the effect of BMI on different cancers.
領導這項研究的克里希南•巴斯卡蘭博士說：“體質指數對不同類型的癌癥的影響有很大變化。

"For example, risk of cancer of the uterus increased substantially at higher body mass index, for other cancer we saw a more modest increase in risk or no effect at all.
“例如，體質指數高會大大增加患子宮癌的風險，而對另外一種癌癥來說，可能只有較小的風險或根本沒有影響。”

"This variation tells us BMI must affect cancer risk through a number of different processes, depending on cancer type"
“這種變化告訴我們體質指數對癌癥的影響一定是根據不同的癌癥有多個不同的階段。”

Tom Stansfeld, at Cancer Research UK, said: "Although the relationship between cancer and obesity is complex, it is clear carrying excess weight increases your risk of developing cancer.
英國癌癥研究中心的湯姆•斯坦福德說：“雖然癌癥和肥胖之間的關系很復雜，但是體重的增加會導致患癌風險的增加這一點是明確的。”

"Keeping a healthy weight reduces cancer risk and the best way to do this is through eating a healthy, balanced diet and exercising regularly.
“保持健康的體重能降低患癌風險。最好的方式是保持健康均衡的飲食以及定期鍛煉。”